<p>Melford is a historic plantation house located on the grounds of the Maryland Science and Technology Center, near the intersection of USA Route 301 and USA Route 50, at Bowie, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland. The house is multi-part, gable-roofed, brick and stone dwelling house constructed probably in the mid-late 1840s, with elements of the Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land that made up the Melford plantation was part of a tract, originally called Howertons Range which was a 400-acre parcel that John Howerton obtained in 1670. It is part of Prince Georges County and had historically been inhabited by the Piscataway people, an Algonquin language speaking tribe, as well as the Patuxent people and other Native American groups.</p><br>
<p>Melford was built by Dr. Richard Duckett in 1810, replacing a previous structure. Dr. Richard Duckett was the brother of Allen Bowie Duckett, and the son of Thomas Duckett, who in 1796 was judge of the Prince George&#39;s County Court, and one of the principal slaveholders in the area.</p><br>
<p>Melford was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds</h2><br>
<p>The grounds include three outbuildings: a three-bay gable-roofed slave quarter probably dating from the 18th century; a pyramidal-roofed meat house also dating from the late 18th century; and a 20th-century pyramidal-roofed pump house. The landscape consists of terraced gardens, falling away from the house on three levels. Melford was home for 140 years to two prominent local families, the Ducketts and the Hardestys.</p><br>
<p>Melwood Park is a historic home located near Upper Marlboro in Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland, United States. It is a -story, Flemish bond brick structure, with Georgian details. As of 2009, it is undergoing an extensive restoration. This unique dwelling was visited by George Washington on several occasions and the British Army camped here during their march to Washington, D.C. in August 1814, during the War of 1812.</p><br>
<p>Melwood Park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership history</h2><br>
<p>The house is significant for its early owners, some of the most prominent men in all phases of the life of colonial Maryland; the Digges, Carroll, and Lee families. The home was originally believed to have been built by Ignatius Digges (1707–1785) c. 1750, and subsequently raised to its present two stories by his widow, Mary Carroll Digges, in about 1800. Recent dendrochronology performed on the roof rafters of Melwood Park suggest an earlier construction date. The confirmed felling date of the timbers used in construction of the roof date to the winter of 1713 and spring of 1714. At the time Melwood Park was owned by Henry Darnell Jr. (1682–1737) who owned an adjacent 7,000 acre plantation known as His Lordship&#39;s Kindness. His father, Henry Darnall (1645–1711), had earlier built nearby "The Woodyard."</p><br>
<p>The original Melwood Park land patent was for 1,050 acre of which half were eventually inherited by the Digges family. William Digges, who inherited half of the property purchased the half where the manor house was located in 1729. Ignatius Digges, son of William, inherited Melwood from his father in 1740. Ignatius Digges left the plantation to his wife, Mary Carroll Digges, who went on to live at Melwood Park for the next 40 years after his death in 1785. Ignatius Digges grandson Ignatius Digges Lee, son of his daughter Mary (1745–1805) who was wife of Maryland Governor Thomas Sim Lee (1745–1819), was scheduled to inherit Melwood Park, but predeceased his grandmother. Lee and his wife were buried at Melwood Park until moved to a nearby Catholic cemetery in 1888. Melwood Park was sold to William Pumphrey in about 1825, following the death of Mary.</p><br>
<p>The current owner now is Mellwood Parke Foundation. Mellwood Parke is now managed by William C. Hendricks, as executive director.</p><br>
<h2>Structure history</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The 1713–1714 dwelling was a timber-framed structure approximately 39 ft, 6 inches by 20 ft, with an ell of equal size situated on the north side. This first dwelling was one and a half stories. This dwelling had an riven oak clapboard roof sheathing, a 17:12 pitched roof and likely clapboard siding. No drawings of the original structure have been located, nor are there references to this building in land records. However, the evidence of this original structure is present in the dwelling today.</p><br>
<p>Further dendrochronology performed in the roof structure indicated that significant changes were made to the building between 1767 and 1768. These changes include; extending the dwelling on the east by 6 ft and on the west by 12 ft, extending the loft to a full story across the south facade only, the addition of two outward flanking chimney stacks, encasing the south facing facade with brick nogging and a veneer brick, adding 16/16 common sliding sash windows of the first floor and 9/9 common sliding sash windows on the second floor. The veneer brick and addition of solid masonry were set in an artful Flemish bond pattern with glazed headers, queen course and oyster shell lime mortar with a grapevine joint. During this expansion it is assumed that the northward ell was not modified, however this portion of the building was removed in a subsequent renovation likely to have occurred circa 1897.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The interiors of Melwood Park are as impressive as the exterior. The dining room was paneled wood from floor to ceiling, similar detailing is used throughout the dwelling. Recent paint analysis of the interior indicates that Ignatius Digges painted the renovated interior all one color, a rust red, common to the era with a high gloss varnished finish to aid in the reflectance of light. It appears likely that his wife Mary redecorated the interiors shortly after his death in 1785, completing her cosmetic changes sometime after 1800. Further paint analysis has revealed that the second finish applied to the wood work inside the dwelling was very bright and colorful. She appears to have chosen colors common to the wealthy of her day; Verdigris and Prussian blue among the color recently discovered. The Verdigris color in the central or entry hall of the house was applied in an unusual way, there are distinct layers, 7 to be exact, of color that is translucent. This was then covered with at least 3 layers of a translucent tinted varnish. The effect would have been magnificent and would today be very difficult to replicate. The Prussian blue seen in the east parlor (sometimes referred to as the dining room is dated to after 1800 due to the fact that a chemical which made the pigment more opaque was added to the paint, this chemical was not discovered or available in the United States until after 1800.</p><br>
<p>Mount Lubentia is a historic house located at Largo in Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland, United States. It is an elegantly detailed -story Georgian/Federal-style, Flemish bond brick house, probably built about 1760 and substantially renovated in the late 1790s, by Enoch Magruder and his son, Dennis of Harmony Hall.</p><br>
<p>The house was occupied by the Rev. Jonathan Boucher from 1771 to 1773 who described it as "a very tolerable house" in his Reminiscences of an American Loyalist, and remarked that his pupils dubbed the house "Castle Magruder." Among Bouchers students was Jackie Custis, George Washingtons step-son, who lived with Boucher at Mount Lubentia during this period. George and Martha Washington visited on several occasions, as related in Washington&#39;s diary. Forrest Bowie, a direct descendant of Enoch Magruder, stated in an article written in the late 1930s that family tradition held that Dennis Magruder was born at Mount Lubentia in 1759. He was given the house and property by his father upon his marriage in 1779, when serving in the Maryland Line during the Revolutionary War. During the course of restoration by the owner over the past 15 years, evidence of earlier configuration, materials and finish has been discovered beneath the late 18th and early 19th century work now evident.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property and of significance in and of itself is the octagonal frame dairy which was moved onto the property in the 1970s from a nearby former plantation, "Graden." The dairy is the best surviving example of an architecturally conscious domestic outbuilding of the 18th century in the county, and possibly in the state. Also on the property is an 18th-century corncrib, described in the 1798 tax records.</p><br>
<p>Mount Lubentia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Oxon Hill Manor is a neo-Georgian house of 49 rooms, located at Forest Heights, Prince Georges County, Maryland. It was designed in 1928 for Sumner Welles  by the Washington architect, Jules Henri de Sibour . It was built in 1929, and consists of a two-story main block of Flemish bond brick and a northern wing. Also on the property are two outbuildings contemporary with the house; a five-car garage and attached managers quarters and greenhouse, and a stable. There are also formal gardens on the grounds.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Oxon Hill Manor property has a strong historical association. The colonial-era Addison family, active in the development of Prince George&#39;s county and in the colonial government, built a mansion on the property in 1711. In 1778, Thomas Hawkins Hanson, nephew of John Hanson, acquired the property. John Hanson, a president of the Continental Congress and Founding Father, died at Oxon Hill Manor on November 22, 1783, and was buried on the property. Walter Dulaney Addison who was for a time Chaplain of the Senate lived here and conducted a school here. His son Lloyd Dulany Addison would migrate to Kentucky then to Mobile, Alabama, becoming socially involved in the city. He then moved onto New Orleans, Louisiana, becoming a partner at Bullitt, Miller & Co., and founding the Mistick Krewe of Comus and The Pickwick Club.</p><br>
<p>After a period of ownership by the Berry family, in 1895, the original Oxon Hill Manor burned. In 1927, the property was bought by Sumner Welles, USA Undersecretary of State, who built the present manor house. Franklin D. Roosevelt and possibly Sir Winston Churchill were guests there.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Pleasant Hills is a historic home located near Upper Marlboro in Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland, United States. It is a large, two-part brick house with Greek Revival detailing. The more recent, main block, was built in 1836 by Zaddock Sasscer.</p><br>
<p>Pleasant Hills was built in a side-hall-and-double-parlor plan style that was popular among the wealthy planter class of Prince George&#39;s County during the early part of the 19th century. The property was the homestead of the Sasscer and Hill family, prominent in local politics and commerce, since the property was purchased by Zaddock Sasscer in 1807 as his "dwelling plantation".</p><br>
<p>The architectural details of the main block of the house suggest that it was constructed during the 1830s. In fact, the architrave around the windows and doorways are identical to one that appears in an Asher Benjamin builder&#39;s book of 1830. The two-story hyphen and wing date from earlier, however, and were already standing when Zaddock Sasscer bought them from Colmore Beans (brother to William Beanes of "Star Spangled Banner" fame) in 1807. According to the last owners from the family, their restoration/renovation process revealed building methods and materials in the kitchen wing that pre-dates the rest of the main block. This is also supported by a family legend that the original main block burned to the ground.</p><br>
<p>The side-hall and double-parlor plan in which Pleasant Hills was constructed is typical of homes built by the wealthy planter class of Prince George&#39;s County. The double parlors allowed for a "best parlor" for receiving guests and a less formal back parlor (also known as dining parlor or sitting room) where the family could retire. Double parlors could also allow for the partially separate, yet concurrent, entertaining of ladies and gentlemen. One parlor contained the typical accouterments of an early 19th-century parlor, including a dozen chairs, sofa, table, parlor mirror and three pictures.</p><br>
<p>The second of the two parlors contained a parlor lamp, sideboard, two tables, book stand, liquor case, and a few odds and ends. As was typical of the family parlor, this room appears to have been used for dining and reading or other forms of relaxation. Still another room (probably the one adjoining the kitchen in the old section) lists a sideboard, cupboard, table, and chairs.</p><br>
<p>The considerable amount of space given over to the hall passage further reflects the rise in the importance of separating social space from family space, and the control over circulation through rooms that occurred during the mid-18th century. The large hall served as both a formal entry into the house and a transitional space between the two parlors and the outside. It also allows for entry into either parlor without having to go through multiple rooms. The hall passage which runs from front to rear as seen at Pleasant Hills also allowed for cross ventilation, which was particularly important during summer months. Numerous inventories indicate that these passages were often used as living rooms during that time. It is not unusual to see listed dining or other tables, couches, desks, etc. within passages (or even bedsteads in second-floor passages). From these inventories the hall passage is speculated to be an integral part of the overall plan and probably served as more than just a formal entry.</p><br>
<p>The period in architecture in which Pleasant Hills was constructed embraced the neoclassical in both its Roman and Greek forms: Adamesque Georgian, Federal and Greek Revival. These elements are seen at Pleasant Hills in their vernacular form. Houses such as Pleasant Hills, located in rural areas removed from large, fashionable cites, were built by local carpenter/builders using builders guides or pattern books. In fact, the architrave molding found around the windows and doors of the first story of the main block can be found in Asher Benjamins builder&#39;s book, The Practical House Carpenter, published in 1830 (plate 46). Benjamin outlines Grecian-influenced patterns for moldings, architraves, frontispieces, and so on. As stated by Benjamin, "I consider it necessary that all practical house carpenters should be fully acquainted with the orders of architecture, particularly those who reside in the country, where they have no opportunity of consulting an architect."</p><br>
<p>Zaddock Sasscers property included 350 acres of "Four Hills," "Moores Craft" and "Littleworth." Sasscer also had an additional 400-acre "plantation", inherited from his father, on which he raised tobacco. As his will states, "...I wish the tobacco now on hand to be sold...." Also mentioned in the tax assessment records for William Sasscer is the "land with distillery on it... 3-3/4 acres" (and included in the inventory of his estate are 22 barrels). The inventory also indicates that sheep and lamb were raised on the plantation, which also included oxen, cows and pigs; and twenty-six slaves (fourteen men and boys and twelve women and children).</p><br>
<p>Pleasant Hills was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Pleasant Prospect is a historic home located at Mitchellville, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland. It is an outstanding and important example of a Federal style plantation house, consisting of a 2½-story main structure over a full basement with a 2-story kitchen linked by a 1-story hyphen. The kitchen wing and hyphen are typical of late eighteenth century ancillary architecture in Southern Maryland. The walls are laid in Flemish bond, and the chimneys are typical of Maryland; wide on the side, thin and high above the ridge, rising on the gable ends of the house flush with the building wall. The interior exhibits outstanding Federal style trim, including elaborate Adamesque moldings and plasterwork ornamentation such as garlands, swags, and urns applied to interior doorways and mantles. A pyramidal roof, log meat house stands on the immediate grounds.</p><br>
<p>The architectural design and unique features of the house were documented in the permanent collection of the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) at the Library of Congress in 1936 and again in 1983. This documentation notes: "Pleasant Prospect reflects the wealth and elegance of the upper class of planters in Prince George&#39;s County during the late 18th and early 19th century. The house was unusually large and well appointed for its time, with a large hall or passage, formal parlor, separate dining room and a library in the main block of the first floor."</p><br>
<p>Pleasant Prospect was built c. 1798 for Dr. Isaac Duckett, described as one of the most opulent slave owners in the state. It is one of four houses built in Prince Georges County during this period that were valued at $1,500 (~$ in ) or more in the 1798 Federal Direct Tax assessment and is described in that document as "a new Two story Brick dwelling, very elegantly furnished with passage 20 by 16, kitchen 19 by 14, all of Brick." Pleasant Prospect is one of three plantations built by the Duckett family in Prince Georges County. The other two are Fairview, built by Isaac Duckett&#39;s brother Baruch around 1800, and Melford in the 1840s.</p><br>
<p>Pleasant Prospect was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Harry Smith House is a Queen Anne-style frame dwelling, built in 1890. It stands on one of the original streets platted in the 1889 railroad suburb subdivision of Riverdale Park, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland located northeast of Washington, D.C. The home is representative of the transition in domestic architecture between the Queen Anne style of the 1880s and the popular plan of the turn of the 20th century. Its owners were a middle class, government worker family, the Smiths, who owned it from the time when the developer sold it until the middle of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Ridgley Methodist Episcopal Church, constructed in 1921, is a one-story frame church on the north side of Central Avenue in Landover, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland. The church was founded in 1871 and a cemetery begun in 1892. It served as the spiritual and social center of the formerly rural African American farming community of Ridgley.</p><br>
<p>The gable-front church consists of a 1921 block on the south and a small 1940s extension on the north. The church was moved from its original location to its current location in 1990. In 2002, the church suffered a fire that destroyed the original plaster. The cemetery has about 20 mostly hand carved gravestones with flower and vine motif, arranged in orderly rows and grouped by families. The stones date from the 1910s to the 1940s. It is currently home to New Rock Church.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Fourth Avenue Theatre, also known as the Lathrop Building, was a movie theater in Anchorage, Alaska that has been described as Art Deco, Streamline Moderne, and Art Moderne in style. Built beginning in 1941 and completed in 1947 after a halt during World War II, somewhat after the heyday of these styles, it was a large 960-seat first-run theater until the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The theater was designed by B. Marcus Priteca, a leading designer of themed cinemas in America, in association with Seattle architect A.A. Porreca for Cap Lathrop, a prominent Alaska businessman. The theater&#39;s lobby featured a gold leaf mural of Mount McKinley, but originally omitted a concession stand, a feature Lathrop felt was inappropriate.</p><br>
<p>The main house was decorated with silver and gold murals by Anthony Heinsbergen and Frank Bouman of Los Angeles, and a rendering of the Big Dipper (a symbol of Alaska) on the ceiling. Murals were done on canvas with reliefs in Masonite leafed with gold and silver. The building&#39;s structure is reinforced concrete with travertine on the exterior street level.</p><br>
<p>As the Lathrop Building, the complex included facilities for Lathrop&#39;s radio and television stations, a restaurant, and a penthouse apartment added in 1959-1960.</p><br>
<p>After some renovation by the city of Anchorage, the theater was used by a catering firm as a banquet facility. Rasmuson Foundation approved a program related investment structured as a low-interest loan to the Municipality of Anchorage in 2006 so that the city could purchase, restore and use the Theater for meeting space by the Anchorage Convention and Visitors Bureau. When the Anchorage Assembly voted to prohibit the City to act as the loan guarantor, Rasmuson Foundation rescinded the award offer. Due to the economic recession in the following years, these plans did not come to fruition. In 2011, the theater&#39;s new owner, Peach Investments, presented new restoration plans.</p><br>
<p>In a press conference on May 17, 2022, Anchorage mayor Dave Bronson announced his support for a near-complete redevelopment of the entire city block including the theater building. The proposal would include demolition of the theater building by owner Peach Holdings, LLC, which owns all but one corner parcel on the block between Fourth and Fifth Avenues and F and G streets. However, the plan for the anticipated $200 million multi-use project includes partial reconstruction of the theater&#39;s facade and signage. It was demolished in late 2022.</p><br>
<p>St. Marys Beneficial Society Hall, constructed in 1892, is a historic building located in Upper Marlboro, Prince Georges County, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>The Hall, an excellent example of an African American multi-purpose building, served as a meeting place, social and political center, and house of worship for African Americans living in a segregated society. It is located nearly across the street from St. Mary&#39;s Catholic Church, with which it is historically associated.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-story wood frame gable-front building, In 1988, a law firm acquired the building and converted it to office space.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>St. Matthews Church, also known as Addison Chapel, is a historic Episcopal church located at Seat Pleasant, Prince Georges County, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>Addison Chapel was first established in 1696 as a chapel of ease for St. John&#39;s at Broad Creek. The parish it served was one of the thirty original Maryland parishes and was named for Colonel John Addison, of Oxon Hill plantation, a leading proponent of the Anglican Church. His descendant Walter Dulaney Addison, who was for a term Chaplain of the Senate also served as rector here. It is also associated with the Pinkney, Dulany, Lowndes, and Calvert families.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the vestry voted to vacate the structure and form Holy Redeemer Episcopal Church in Landover. The chapel was not convenient to where the parishioners lived, and a covenant placed by the Maryland Historical Trust barred the installation of indoor plumbing. The Episcopal Diocese of Washington agreed to continue weekly services for another five years, which ended in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Although the current chapel (the third on this site) was built about 1809, its simple Anglican styling reflects the Colonial-era, Church of England-influenced designs, of which few remain. The church is a small one-story rectangular brick building laid in Flemish bond.</p><br>
<p>St. Matthew&#39;s is situated in a large graveyard containing some early stones, the most notable being that of Benjamin Stoddert, the first Secretary of the Navy.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>St. Thomas Church is an Episcopal church in a rural setting, located at Croom, Prince Georges County, Maryland. It is one of four congregations that have constituted the parish of St. Thomas in the Episcopal Diocese of Washington, the others including the Church of the Atonement in Cheltenham, the Chapel of the Incarnation in Brandywine, and St. Simon&#39;s Mission also in Croom.</p><br>
<p>The original church was constructed between 1742 and 1745, and is one of the earliest Episcopal churches in Southern Maryland. With the adjacent cemetery, St. Simons Mission, and St. Simons Cemetery, it forms part of the St. Thomas&#39; Episcopal Parish Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was completed on December 25, 1745, and was unofficially known as "Pages Chapel," as the landowner, Daniel Page, had been contracted to erect the structure. In 1850, St. Thomas became its own parish and undertook Gothic Revival renovations and expansion under the direction of New York City architect, John W. Priest, an associate of Andrew Jackson Downing. In 1888, the frontal bell tower was erected in memory of Bishop Thomas John Claggett, first Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church consecrated in the United States. Recent restoration work, in 1954, was based on the specifications of the original 1740s building contract, but retained Priest&#39;s Gothic Revival additions. The church is surrounded on all sides by a cemetery, which contains the graves of many prominent citizens and old county families. A fence and cast iron gate posts with Gothic designs was installed in 1907.</p><br>
<p>One of the original founders and benefactors of St Thomass church was Benedict Swingate Calvert (1730-1788) who was a Maryland Loyalist during the American Revolution. He was the son of Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore, the third Proprietor Governor of Maryland, (1699–1751), and may have been the grandson of King George I of Great Britain. His mothers identity is not known and, as he was illegitimate, he was not able to inherit his father&#39;s title or estates, which passed instead to his half brother Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (1731–1771). He spent most of his life as a politician and planter in Maryland, though Frederick, by contrast, never visited the colony. Calvert became wealthy through proprietarial patronage and became an important colonial official, but he would lose his offices and his political power, though not his land and wealth, during the American Revolution. He is buried beneath the chancel of the church along with his wife Elizabeth Calvert (1731 – 1788) and daughter Eleanor Calvert (1757/1758 – September 28, 1811).</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The John H. Traband House is a historic home located at Upper Marlboro in Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland, United States. It was built between 1895 and 1897, and is a -story, asymmetrically shaped Queen Anne influenced frame structure of modest size and detailing. Also located on the property are a frame two-story gable-roofed carriage house. The house was constructed as the residence of a prominent citizen, John H. Traband , who was a successful businessman and landholder in Upper Marlboro.</p><br>
<p>The John H. Traband House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is located in the Upper Marlboro Residential Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Hyattsville Post Office is a one-story brick building constructed over a full basement, located on Gallatin Street in Hyattsville, Prince Georges County, Maryland. The Colonial Revival building consists of a central, three-bay block flanked by smaller one-bay flat-roofed pavilions. It was constructed in 1935 and remains in active use. Murals by Eugene Kingman, depicting the agricultural heritage of Prince Georges County, decorate the lobby. Its design reflects the attention Hyattsville resident and Fourth Assistant Postmaster General Smith W. Purdum paid to its construction.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Hart-Cluett Mansion is located at 57 Second Street in Troy, New York, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and is a contributing property to the Central Troy Historic District created in 1986. Since the 1950s it, and the Carr Building next door, was the main office of the Rensselaer County Historical Society before the organization changed its name to the Hart Cluett Museum at Historic Rensselaer County in 2019. The house is open to the public as a historic house museum.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1827 from a most likely created by architect Martin E. Thompson, of New York City, it is a Federal style townhouse with decorated marble and limestone facing considered one of the best and most intact houses in that style in the city of Troy. The house was built by John Bard Colgrove, who moved to Troy, NY in 1826 to oversee the construction of the Hart House. Immediately after constructing the Hart House, Colgrove built the first Rensselaer County Court House (1828–31).</p><br>
<p>In the late 19th century it became the property of another local businessman, George Cluett, who expanded it in the early 20th century. In 1910, the property was sold to his nephew Albert Cluett and his wife Caroline. Caroline Cluett donated the house to the Historical Society in 1952.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is L-shaped, two and a half stories high with a full basement. The short end facing the street to its east and the long end wrapping around the brick house to its north. The front facade is four bays wide; the southern facade, accounting for the house&#39;s full depth from the street and overlooking a narrow alley, nine. All other facades save the front are done in brick.</p><br>
<p>That front facade is dominated by its off-center entrance. The recessed door is set in a portico, with elliptical fanlight supported by small columns and sidelights. Around the portico are a marble architrave with vermiculated keystone and quoins.</p><br>
<p>The tin gabled roof has two dormer windows on the east side. Two chimneys apiece rise from the north and south ends. There is one outbuilding, a former carriage house, in the rear of the building.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the house follows the standard Federal-style central hall plan, with high ceilings and narrow, tall windows. Much of the original furnishings and trim remain. The plaster and woodwork are unaltered, as are such details as a marble mantelpiece and dining room mirror. The original basement kitchen remains, along with a late 19th-century one on the first floor.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hart, an early member of Troy&#39;s business elite, was a personal friend of Howard when he married Betsey. He had made his money first by supplying the Army during the War of 1812 and then in commerce from the Erie and Champlain canals. He later served as president of the Schenectady and Troy Railroad and several local philanthropies. He had a political career as well, serving as a state assemblyman and mayor of Troy.</p><br>
<p>To build the house, 29-year-old John Colegrove was hired. He moved to Troy from New York in 1826 to supervise the job, and stayed there, going on to build many other notable buildings in the city. His obituary in 1860 referred to the mansion as his first major local accomplishment.</p><br>
<p>The original house was just the square block. The house was first enlarged in 1836 when Richard Hart was Mayor of Troy. Richard Hart died in 1843. Betsey remained in the house till her death in 1886 and her daughter Sarah Wool Hart was the last Hart to live in the house. She died in 1892 and the house was then sold to George B. Cluett, founder of Cluett, Peabody & Co. Inc. makers of Arrow Shirts. George and his wife Amanda had a new addition built that moved the kitchen to the first floor, replacing the original basement kitchen. He sold the house to his nephew Albert E. Cluett, in 1910.</p><br>
<p>Albert and Caroline Cluett made alterations on the third floor, raising the roof to accommodate the growing needs of their four sons. New oak floors, picture and chair rail mouldings all in the Colonial Revival Style were added to the two parlors and entrance hall. The old wallpaper was removed and the walls were painted ivory. A scenic wallpaper from the Zuber & Co. of Paris, France was installed on the walls of the Entrance Hall on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>Albert Cluett died in 1949 but not before he and his wife Caroline challenged the Board of Trustees at RCHS to raise money to support the preservation of the house. Caroline lived in the house until 1952 when she then signed the house over to RCHS. The society has maintained it as a historic house museum and uses the adjoining Joseph B. Carr Building (57 2nd Street) as their museum headquarters that house the changing exhibition galleries, research library, collection storage and administrative offices.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The house is open to the public the 2nd Saturday of the month at 2pm for a guided tour, May through December. Tours are also available by prior appointment. 2nd Saturday tours are $10.00 for adults.</p><br>
<h2>Floor Plan and Elevation</h2><br>
<p>The Wooldridge Monuments are a series of historical monuments located in Maplewood Cemetery of Mayfield, Kentucky. They were built for Colonel Henry G. Wooldridge, to commemorate family members and other loved ones of his life, from 1892 until Wooldridge&#39;s death on May 30, 1899. Wooldridge is the only one buried at the site. The lot has been called "The Strange Procession Which Never Moves".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1892, Wooldridge lost the last of his sisters, leaving him with no immediate family; he was a lifelong bachelor. This prompted him to buy a lot at Maplewood Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The monuments were gaining attention even in Wooldridges lifetime, as represented in the November 7, 1897 issue of Republic. Stories told of the monuments include the Minnie statue actually representing a childhood sweetheart whose early death due to horse riding prompted Wooldridges bachelorhood (family records say it was of a niece) and that Wooldridge was such a miser that money was buried with him in his tomb.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The total area of the monuments are 17 by. All eighteen monuments face east, like most of the gravestones in Maplewood Cemetery. The most prominent is a life-size likeness of Wooldridge himself, a 6 ft marble statue in the center of the site, made in Italy. Fourteen other monuments surrounding Wooldridge are made of limestone, and have more rigid poses. The largest of these represent Wooldridge on his horse, named "Fop". The other limestone statues are 5 ft tall on 3 ft bases, and represent family members. Behind these are replicas of a fox, a deer, and two hounds chasing them; the dogs are unidentified on the statue but represent Wooldridge&#39;s dogs "Towhead" and "Bob". The statue makers, who hailed from Mayfield and Paducah, Kentucky, never before or after had a more "complex" or "ambitious" project.</p><br>
<p>The female statues represent Wooldridges mother Keziah, his sisters Minerva, Narcissa, and Susan, and his nieces Maud and Minnie. The male statues that are not of Wooldridge are of his brothers Alfred, John, Josiah, and W.H. There is no statue depicting Wooldridges father.</p><br>
<p>The fence around the lot was placed there by the Mayfield Masonic lodge, replacing the old iron fence. Wooldridge was a Freemason.</p><br>
<h2>Modern times</h2><br>
<p>In September 1984 the monuments were featured on the TV show Ripley&#39;s Believe It or Not.</p><br>
<p>To gain access to the monuments, one must go through another item on the National Register to get there, the Confederate Memorial Gates in Mayfield.</p><br>
<p>On January 27, 2009, the monuments were damaged when a large tree in the cemetery fell as a result of an ice storm, breaking several of the heads. Only the statues of Wooldridge&#39;s sisters and a dog remained standing. City and County officials considered what to do to repair the damage to the monuments, one of the few tourist attractions for the city.</p><br>
<p>Over the summer of 2010 all the monuments were restored on site by Monument Conservation Collaborative, a historic monument restoration firm based in Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>On October 21, 2010, there was an official rededication of the monument as over a year&#39;s worth of repairs have been completed and all the statues are back in place.</p><br>
<p>File:Wooldridge Monuments 2010 southwest.JPG2010 picture of the damage</p><br>
<p>File:Wooldridge Monuments 2010 Southeast.JPG2010 picture of the damage</p><br>
<p>File:Wooldridge Monuments 2010 south.JPG2010 picture of the damage</p><br>
<p>File:Wooldridge Monuments 2010 northwest.JPG2010 picture of the damage</p><br>
<p>File:Wooldridge Monuments 2010 northeast.JPG2010 picture of the damage</p><br>
<p>File:Wooldridge Monuments 2010 doggies.JPG2010 picture of the damage</p><br>
<p>File:Wooldridge Monuments 2010 closeup.JPG2010 picture of the damage</p><br>
<p>The KENI Radio Building is an Art Moderne building in Anchorage, Alaska, designed by architect Augustine A. Porreca and completed in 1948. The building housed KENI AM, the second radio station in Anchorage.</p><br>
<p>The reinforced concrete two-story building was owned by Cap Lathrop, who had worked with Porreca on Lathrop&#39;s Fourth Avenue Theatre. Besides radio station facilities, the building also housed three apartments.</p><br>
<p>The building was purchased by Gregory Carr in the late 1990s, after the radio station moved to the Dimond Center, and converted into a private residence.</p><br>
<p>The Portland and Southwestern Railroad Tunnel, also known as the Nehalem Divide Railroad Tunnel, is an abandoned railroad tunnel near Scappoose, Oregon, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The tunnel was driven by the Portland and Southwestern Railroad, whose chief business was logging. Unusually for a logging railroad, the Portland and Southwestern built tunnels. In order to reach the far side of the Nehalem divide in the Northern Oregon Coast Range, the railroad undertook a 1,712 ft tunnel. Some work was started in 1910, but most work began in 1918 and was completed in 1919. Since the tunnel was not through solid rock, the tunnel was lined with timber. The tunnel was used until 1945, when it was replaced by a truck road over the divide.</p><br>
<p>While portions of the tunnel roof have collapsed, the tunnel is still open from end to end.</p><br>
<p>The west portal is located at 45.83236&deg; latitude, -123.05044&deg; longitude; the east portal is at 45.83243&deg; latitude, -123.04051&deg; longitude.</p><br>
<p>The Clackamas Lake Ranger Station Historic District is a Forest Service compound consisting of eleven historic buildings located in the Mount Hood National Forest in the Cascade Mountains of northern Oregon. It was originally built as a district ranger station for the Clackamas Lake Ranger District. It was later converted to a summer guard station. Today, the Forest Service rents the historic ranger&#39;s residence to recreational visitors. The Clackamas Lake Ranger Station is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1920s and 1930s, forest road networks were not well developed. To facilitate work in National Forests, the Forest Service built district ranger stations at strategic locations within the forest to house full-time employees and provide logistics support to fire patrols and project crews working at remote forest sites. After World War II, the Forest Service greatly expanded its road network, allowing employees to get to most forest areas within a few hours. As a result, many of the more isolated ranger stations were closed or converted to summer guard station.</p><br>
<p>The Forest Service began using the Clackamas Lake site in 1905. The original ranger cabin and barn were built by the district&#39;s first ranger, Joe Graham, in 1906. The compound was expanded during the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps. All of the historic buildings that exist at the site today are from that era. The range station served as the summer administrative site for the Clackamas Lake Ranger District from 1906 until the 1952 when the compound was converted to a guard station for fire crews and work parties. After a short period of disuse in the 1960s, the guard station was reopened in the early 1970s. Since then, the site has remained in continuous use as a guard station, work center, recreation facility, and visitor center.</p><br>
<p>Because of the rustic architecture of the buildings and the site&#39;s unique historic value as an early Forest Service ranger station, the Clackamas Lake Ranger Station compound was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Place in 1981. The historic area covers 4 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Historic structures</h2><br>
<p>The ranger station is made up of eleven historic buildings and twelve other rustic, but non-historic, structures.</p><br>
<p>The ranger stations historic buildings include the district office, two ranger residences, a mess hall, a fire equipment warehouse, a separate road-and-trail warehouse, a gas station, garage, blacksmith shop, horse barn, and a pump house across the meadow. The district office is now a visitor center and museum. The rangers residence can be rented by the public for $80 per night per on weekdays and $100 per night on weekends and holidays. Volunteer caretakers live on site, and help maintain the historic buildings, staffs the visitor center, and provide interpretive tours of the compound.</p><br>
<p>The ranger station buildings are wood and log-frame structures with concrete foundations. The exteriors are covered with wood shingles. Wooden shingles are also used for roofing. All the buildings are painted dark brown with dark brown trim so they blend into the surrounding forest landscape.</p><br>
<p>The ranger station office was built in 1933. It is a one-story, wood-frame building with a concrete foundation. The high gable roof is covered with wood shingles. The stone chimney is slightly off-center from the roof ridgeline. The windows are four-over-four panes in a double-hung sash. The front entrance faces south and has a flagstone porch steps except for the final step, which is cut from a large peeled log. The office interior is divided into two rooms. The office walls are covered by painted wood panels, and the floors are varnished fir.</p><br>
<p>The rangers residence was built the in 1933. The residence plan was chosen by District Ranger Francis Williamson out of a group of Weyerhaeuser plans entitled Your Future Home. With the exception of exterior building materials, the residence was constructed to the plans specifications. It is a -story, wood-frame building with a concrete foundation. It has a wood-shingled exterior and high gable roof. Windows are six-over-six panes in double-hung sashes with slab-wood frames giving the appearance of being notched and joined logs. There is a small front porch that protects the south-facing front entrance. The interior rooms of the ranger&#39;s residence have varnished fir-paneling with a large stone fireplace and built-in book cases in the living room. The residence has simple furnishings, including living room sofa, wooden chairs, kitchen and dining room tables, and beds for eight guests.</p><br>
<p>The assistant rangers residence was built in 1934. It is a one-story, wood-frame building with a concrete foundation. The structure is similar in style to the rangers residence and office with a wood-shake exterior and high gable roof. There is a rustic stone chimney on the east end of the building. The front entrance faces north and is covered by a gable hood-type porch supported by peeled-pole brackets.</p><br>
<p>The mess hall was built in 1934. It is a one-story, wood-frame structure with two entrances on the north side of the building. The exterior siding, foundation, and gabled roof are the same as the office and ranger residences.</p><br>
<p>The fire warehouse was built between 1934 and 1935. It is a one-story, wood-frame structure with a concrete foundation covered with a rubble-stone veneer. The first four feet of the exterior walls were constructed with slab-wood. Above that level the exterior is covered with wooden shakes. The main entry is at the center of the north side of the building with a flagstone porch platform in front of a large wooden door.</p><br>
<p>The road and trails warehouse was built in 1934. It is a simple one-story, wood-frame building with double entrance doors and large sliding doors on the north side</p><br>
<p>The gas and oil storage building was built at the same time as the fire warehouse, and its design details match the warehouse. It is one-story, wood-frame structure. On the north side, the gable roof projects out over the gas pumps and vehicle service area. The main entrance is on the north side. There is also a loading dock on the east end of the building.</p><br>
<p>A one-story, wood-frame garage next to the ranger&#39;s residence was built in 1933. It has a concrete foundation with rubble-stone veneer and high gable roof. The exterior walls are slab-wood on the lower level with wooden shakes above, similar to the fire warehouse exterior. The garage has large double doors on the north side, and accommodates one vehicle.</p><br>
<p>The ranger station&#39;s blacksmith shop was built in 1934. It is a one-story, wood-frame structure. On three sides of the shop, the exterior has horizontal slab-wood boards on the lower level with wooden shakes covering the upper walls. On the south side the lower level is covered by horizontal wooden panels with wooden shakes above. The shop has double sliding doors in the centered of the north side and a normal entrance door on the south side.</p><br>
<p>The ranger station&#39;s horse barn was probably built in 1935. The barn is a -story, wood-frame, structure. It has a high gable roof with wooden shingles and a wood-frame cupola on top. The exterior walls are covered by wood shingles.</p><br>
<p>The pump house was built about the same time as the barn. Both building are located across the meadow from the other historic buildings. The pump house is small one-story, wood-frame building with a wood-shingle exterior and high gable roof.</p><br>
<p>There is also a Forest Service campground next to the historic Clackamas Lake Ranger Station. The campground has 46 camp sites, potable drinking water, and several modern restrooms. The ranger station and campground are only a short distance to Clackamas Lake, and just three miles (5 km) from the much larger and very popular Timothy Lake. Trails for hiking, horseback riding, or mountain biking can easily be reach from the compound.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Clackamas Lake Ranger Station is located in the a remote area of the Mount Hood National Forest, fifty miles southeast of Sandy, Oregon and twenty-two miles south of Government Camp, Oregon. The elevation at the site is 3,400 ft. The forest around the guard station is dominated by old growth Douglas fir.</p><br>
<p>To get to the Clackamas Lake Ranger Station from Sandy, travel east on USA Route 26 for approximately 40 mi. Turn right onto Forest Road 42 (also known as Skyline Road) and travel south for 11 mi past the intersection of Forest Roads 42 and 57. The historic Clackamas Lake Ranger Station is on the left, 1/4 miles past the junction. The ranger&#39;s residence is on the east side of the road across from the visitor center.</p><br>
<p>The American Bank Note Company Building is a five-story building at 70 Broad Street in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. The building was designed by architects Kirby, Petit & Green in the neo-classical style, and contains almost 20,000 ft2 of space, with offices and residences on the upper floors. The exterior consists of a main facade on Broad Street with two columns, as well as side facades with pilasters on Beaver and Marketfield Streets.</p><br>
<p>The building was erected in 1908 as the home of the American Bank Note Company, a leading engraving company that produced banknotes, currency, stamps, and stock certificates. The company had previously occupied several other sites in Lower Manhattan, and it developed a printing plant in the Bronx after 70 Broad Street was completed. After the company sold the American Bank Note Company Building in 1988, the structure was sold to numerous owners, and renovated into offices and residences. The American Bank Note Company Building is a New York City designated landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). It is also a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a NRHP district created in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The American Bank Note Company Building is in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City, two blocks east of Bowling Green. Nearby structures include the Broad Exchange Building to the north and 26 Broadway to the west. The plot measures 44 ft on Broad Street by 66 ft on Beaver and Marketfield Streets. Because of the Financial District&#39;s street grid, which is derived from the original Castello Plan for New Amsterdam, the site is trapezoid-shaped.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is a neoclassical five-story structure with nearly 20,000 ft2 of space. It contains office space and luxury apartments on the upper floors. It was designed by architects Kirby, Petit & Green, who based their design on their earlier structure for the Bush Terminal Company at 100 Broad Street. Hedden Construction Company was the general contractor and Charles H. Nichols was the consulting engineer. The American Bank Note Company Building is one of several "hybrid" bank buildings erected in the early 20th century with both banking quarters and executive offices.</p><br>
<h3>Facade</h3><br>
<p>The facades are divided into three horizontal layers by broad cornices above the first and fourth floors. The single-story base is made of rusticated stone blocks above a raised basement and water table made of smooth ashlar, and a string course runs above it. The second through fourth stories are faced with smooth ashlar, while the fifth floor serves as an attic and is also faced with smooth ashlar. The Woodbury Granite Company provided the granite for the facade.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is through a set of glass-and-metal doors in the center of the Broad Street elevation; it is accessed by a small staircase leading from the sidewalk, flanked by short pedestals. Above the doorway, a carved eagle is perched on a cartouche atop two crossed branches. There is a tall, narrow casement window on either side of the entrance stair, as well as a shorter narrow window on the water table. The second through fourth floors on this facade contain two fluted, Corinthian columns, which support a metal-lettered frieze with the American Bank Note Company&#39;s name. The columns frame a recessed central bay with casement windows on each level.</p><br>
<p>The side facades on Beaver and Marketfield Streets, to the north and south respectively, each contain five vertical bays. As with the main facade, the first story contains rusticated stone blocks. On the side facades, the three central bays of the first floor each contain large square window openings with aluminum windows. The center bays on the second through fourth floors have aluminum windows in each bay, flanked by large Doric-style pilasters, while the outer bays on each floor consist of flat ashlar masonry with narrow windows and ventilation openings. At the attic, the side facades have openings that are of the same width as the windows on the lower floors.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The original interior spaces were elaborately furnished. In general, the Shaw Furniture Company designed the furniture; the Black & Boyd Manufacturing Company made the lighting fixtures, and McNulty Bros. made the plaster ceilings. The building also included two elevators.</p><br>
<p>The first floor contained a general office with a large oval mahogany counter, while the walls had wooden wainscoting under an ornate tapestry. There was a bank vault on the west end of the first floor, in the buildings rear, while a mezzanine above the first floor had a mahogany handrail and a gilded clock. On the second floor was the presidents office, which contained a plaster ceiling with east-west floor beams, as well as green leather furniture. The third floor had a general workroom, with walls painted in a "pale terra cotta color", as well as red-painted woodwork. On the fourth floor was a board room with blue-and-gold decorations and indigo leather; a private office with mahogany wainscoting, mahogany furniture, and gold chandeliers; and a private dining room with wood wainscoting and a tapestry. There was a kitchen on the fifth floor.</p><br>
<p>The original decoration was subsequently heavily modified., the upper three floors each contain a full-story residential apartment with two bedrooms, three bathrooms, two living rooms, a dining room, a breakfast room, a kitchen, and a washer-dryer room. A private elevator serves the three suites.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The American Bank Note Company, a leading engraving company and the buildings namesake, produced banknotes, currency, stamps, and stock certificates. It had been formed from a merger of seven firms in 1858. The companys first headquarters and plant were at 55 Wall Street, In 1867, the company moved to 142 Broadway, near the intersection with Liberty Street. It moved again to 78–86 Trinity Place in 1882.</p><br>
<p>In the 1900s, under company president Warren L. Green, the company began looking for a new headquarters. The company purchased the lots at 70–72 Broad Street in May 1906.</p><br>
<p>The American Bank Note Company housed its administrative offices in the Broad Street building until 1988, when the offices were moved to Blauvelt, New York. It was then bought by Murray and Irvin Reise for $3.5 million. The Reise brothers planned to turn the building into a "department store restaurant", with four fast-food restaurants at ground level, fast-food seating in the basement, and a larger restaurant occupying the second and third floors, as well as a kitchen on the fourth and fifth floors. The building was sold again in 1995 to Tony Goldman for $1.3 million. Goldman opened a restaurant on the lower floors and moved the offices for his company, Goldman Properties, onto the upper floors. The building was given New York City landmark status in 1997,</p><br>
<p>The American Bank Note Company Building was purchased for $5.5 million in 2004 by Maharishi Mahesh Yogis organization, the Global Country of World Peace (GCWP). The organization supposedly bought the structure because it was "one of the very few buildings in all of New York City thats oriented due east", and east-facing buildings were considered "spiritually healthy" under the Maharishis principles. The building underwent $4.9 million in renovations, and the GCWP used the upper floors as apartments and the lower floors as lecture and meditation rooms. it was originally listed as a mansion for sale at $45 million, though the asking price was then reduced to $25 million. Ultimately, it was sold to an unnamed Chinese construction and investment company in 2010 for $18 million. The structure was then renovated again in 2015 and placed for sale the next year for $88 million in 2016. The building was listed for sale again in 2018 for $43 million. During the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, the structure remained empty. Winta Asset Management, the buildings owner, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in May 2024, allowing the building to be auctioned off.</p><br>
<p>The Broad Exchange Building, also known as 25 Broad Street, is a residential building at Exchange Place and Broad Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. The 20-story building was designed by Clinton & Russell and built between 1900 and 1902. The Alliance Realty Company developed the Broad Exchange Building as a speculative development for office tenants.</p><br>
<p>The Broad Exchange Building is either 20 or 21 stories tall. Its articulation consists of three horizontal sections similar to the components of a column, namely a base, shaft, and capital. The lowest three stories of the facade are clad with rusticated granite blocks; the fourteen-story shaft is clad with brick; and the top stories are clad with granite and terracotta, topped by a copper cornice. Inside, the building originally contained office space, but, has 307 residential units. With 326,500 ft2 of rental space in total, the Broad Exchange Building was Manhattan&#39;s largest office building upon its completion.</p><br>
<p>Due to the Broad Exchange Building&#39;s proximity to the New York Stock Exchange Building, many financial firms sought space in the building. The Broad Exchange Building was sold off numerous times in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The Broad Exchange Building was gutted and renovated into apartments in the late 1990s, and a southern wing of the building was demolished in the early 21st century. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1998, and was designated a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 2000. It is also a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a NRHP district created in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The Broad Exchange Building is located in the Financial District of Manhattan, at the southeast corner of Broad Street and Exchange Place. The block on which the building is located is bounded by Broad Street to the west, Exchange Place to the north, William Street to the east, and Beaver Street to the south. The Broad Exchange Building has 106.8 ft of frontage on Broad Street and 296.3 ft on Exchange Place.</p><br>
<p>As designed, the building was shaped in an irregular "T" with a wing going southward toward Beaver Street. According to a 1909 advertisement, the building originally occupied around 28,705 ft2 of space. The southern wing was demolished in the early 2010s.</p><br>
<p>The building is adjacent to 15 Broad Street to the north; the New York Stock Exchange Building to the northwest; the Continental Bank Building to the west; and the Lee, Higginson & Company Bank Building and 45 Broad Street to the south. In addition, 55 Wall Street and 20 Exchange Place are less than one block east, a site later taken up by 15 William Street. Flanking the main building entrance on Broad Street are two staircase entrances for the Broad Street station on the New York City Subway&#39;s Nassau Street Line (served by the ).</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by Clinton and Russell in the Italian Renaissance Revival style. It is 276.55 ft tall.</p><br>
<h3>Facade</h3><br>
<p>The primary elevation on Broad Street contains 10 vertical bays, while the Exchange Place elevation has 26 bays. The Broad Exchange Building&#39;s articulation consists of three horizontal sections similar to the components of a column, namely a base, shaft, and capital. The lowest three stories of the facade are clad with rusticated granite blocks. The fourteen-story shaft is generally clad with brick and contains terracotta trim. The highest three stories contain a facade of granite and terracotta, topped by a copper cornice.</p><br>
<p>At ground level, there is an entrance portico projecting slightly from the center of the Broad Street elevation, measuring two bays wide and two stories high. The portico consists of fluted Doric columns supporting an entablature with the text, underneath which is a cast-iron aedicule containing the main doors. On either side of the portico are two stories of paired sash windows flanked by granite pilasters, with cast-iron vertical mullions and decorated cast-iron horizontal spandrels. The secondary entrance on Exchange Place is similar to that on Broad Street, except that this entrance is six bays wide, has no projecting portico, and contains wall niches containing bronze lamps. There are two tertiary entrances along Exchange Place as well. A frieze runs above the second floor, and a granite string course runs above the 3rd floor.</p><br>
<p>The 4th through 17th stories are clad with brick, except for the two outermost bays on either end of the Exchange Place and Broad Street elevations, which are instead clad with rusticated terracotta. In the six center bays on the Exchange Place and Broad Street elevations, there are elaborate cartouches between the 4th and 5th floors, and two cartouches and three lions&#39; heads between the 16th and 17th stories. A terracotta string course runs above the 17th story. These elevations contain one rectangular window opening in each bay. The 18th through 20th stories comprise the attic; the two outermost bays on either end of the Exchange Place and Broad Street elevations are clad with rusticated terracotta. On the 18th and 19th story along Exchange Place, three of the pairs of bays are flanked by a pair of Ionic columns. A copper cornice runs above the 20th story.</p><br>
<p>The rear elevations are composed mostly of brick, as was the now-demolished south wing, and contain arched and rectangular window openings. The east elevation contained cornices above the 16th and 20th floors. The south wing was topped by a decorative cartouche similar to those on the Exchange Place and Broad Street elevations.</p><br>
<h3>Features</h3><br>
<p>The Broad Exchange Building uses caisson foundations that descend 40 ft to the bedrock layer, supporting the building&#39;s mass. The frame was made of structural steel, enabling it to be built taller than most previous buildings.</p><br>
<p>When built, the Broad Exchange Building was described as "a town under a single roof", It had 490,000 ft2 of space in total corresponding to 27,000 ft2 on each floor. In the original configuration there were 40 offices per floor, but the floors were arranged in an open plan layout. The lowest four floors were targeted toward bankers and banking firms, with 15 ft ceilings.</p><br>
<p>Since residential conversion, the building has had 307 residential condominium units. These consist of 168 one-bedroom units, 135 two-bedroom units, and four penthouse apartments. Each condominium has ceilings measuring 9 to 13.5 ft high, wooden floors, and glass bathroom tiles. In addition, the units have appliances such as washer-dryers, while the penthouses have outdoor terraces of between 410 and. The building&#39;s amenities include a shared lounge for residents; a room for games and simulations; indoor and outdoor play areas for children; a dog grooming salon; and a shared rooftop terrace. After its conversion, the building has had five elevators.</p><br>
<p>The lobby measures 125 ft long and is shaped in a "T". The longer leg of the "T" extends west–east from Broad Street, while a shorter north–south passageway extends from Exchange Place and intersects with the west–east corridor. Two classical staircases flank the corridor leading from Exchange Place and lead to a mezzanine. The walls in the lobby are clad with marble, and contain marble pilasters topped by Corinthian capitals. On the lobbys eastern wall are the five remaining elevators, with stainless steel doors. The lobbys ceiling is made of plaster beams with overhanging lighting fixtures. Four commercial spaces abut the lobby. After rental conversion in the 1990s, the lobby was used as a leasing office by its first owner Crescent Heights; Swig Equities converted it into a party space during the 2000s, and LCOR converted it into a lounge in the 2010s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>During the late 19th century, builders began erecting tall office buildings in New York City, especially in Lower Manhattan, where they were compelled to build tall structures due to a lack of available land. The structural steelwork was designed by civil engineer Marion S. Parker. In June 1900, Alliance Realty transferred ownership to the Broad Exchange Company, in which Fuller was involved, for $4 million. The Broad Exchange Company then secured a $2.25 million construction loan from the Equitable Life Assurance Society.</p><br>
<p>Contemporary media reported that the building was occupied by late April or early May 1901. The building was officially completed in 1902, and was Manhattans largest office building, with 326,500 ft2 of space available for rent. The next largest buildings in Manhattan were the Bowling Green Offices Building, Equitable Life Building, and 42 Broadway, which each only had two-thirds of the space that the Broad Exchange Building had. The Architectural Record observed contemporaneously that New York City buildings like the Broad Exchange Building were increasingly being erected by holding companies "organized to finance&#39; such big undertakings" rather than their owners.</p><br>
<h3>Office use</h3><br>
<p>Financial firms began moving into the Broad Exchange Building, attracted by its proximity to the New York Stock Exchange. The building provided office space for financial companies such as Paine Webber, who occupied the space starting in 1909, The New York Curb Exchange took space in the Broad Exchange Building in 1911, and remained there until the Curb Exchange Building opened in 1921. The Pierce Oil Corporations offices in the building were described by The New York Times as being "among the most handsome in the financial district". Other tenants included brokers Carl H. Pforzheimer and Company, as well as investment bankers Stephen Trask and Company. In addition, the City Midday Club was housed on the buildings 20th floor from 1901 to 1945.</p><br>
<p>When the Broad Exchange Building was built, there existed a public alleyway called Lords Court east of the buildings southern wing, The Broad Exchange Company then bought a four-story building at 41 Broad Street for $325,000 so it could transport the coal and ashes through 41 Broad Street, and then leased out the upper floors of that building. The Broad Exchange Building and 41 Broad Street were remortgaged in 1909 for $3.45 million. Three years later, the Broad Exchange Company announced plans to demolish 41 Broad Street, described in the New-York Tribune as "one of the most expensive coal chutes in this country", and erect an annex to the Broad Exchange Building in its place. In 1921, the Broad Exchange Company bought 53 Beaver Street, providing an alternate entrance to the Broad Exchange Building. Broad Exchange and Alliance Realty acquired all of the Broad Street blockfront by 1922, although not all of these lots would become part of the Broad Exchange Building.</p><br>
<p>25 Broad Street was owned by the Broad Exchange Company until 1940, when Prudential Financial took over the building for $500,000 as part of foreclosure proceedings against the Broad Exchange Company. At the time, the property was assessed as being worth $5.6 million. During the mid-1940s, the building remained nearly 100% occupied, and one of the major lessees was the United States Department of War. 25 Broad Street was purchased by the City Investing Company in 1945, at which point its worth was assessed at $4.85 million. Walker & Gillette renovated the storefronts shortly afterward, adding two entrances on Exchange Place. Harry Helmsley bought the building in 1952 for $6.5 million. Several major tenants moved out during the late 20th century. Hayden, Stone & Co. moved out during 1970; Paine Webber & Co. moved its headquarters elsewhere in 1979, though some of the company&#39;s operations remained in 25 Broad Street through at least 1983.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company bought 25 Broad Street and the adjacent 27 William Street for $20 million. Morgan planned to replace 25 Broad Street with a new office tower to serve as its headquarters, but put it for sale in 1981 after failing to do so. Olympia and York subsequently bought 25 Broad Street for $20.5 million, After the 1987 stock market crash, Neumann locked up 25 Broad Street in 1988, and the building sat empty for the next four years, during which it was looted. Neumann defaulted on the $58 million loan in 1989. The mortgage-holder, American Savings and Loan Association went out of business, and Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation assumed the mortgage, while a consortium headed by Robert Bass assumed property management duties.</p><br>
<h3>Residential use</h3><br>
<p>New West placed 25 Broad Street for sale in 1992, and the next year, Arthur Shapolsky signed a contract to buy the building for $5.8 million. Shapolsky wished to convert the building to either apartments or record storage. for $4.975 million, a price that The Wall Street Journal noted at the time as being cheaper than that of some Manhattan townhouses. Menin&#39;s firm Crescent Heights then began converting the building into 345 luxury apartments. devised a plan to renovate 25 Broad Street, in one of the first major commercial-to-residential conversion projects in Lower Manhattan. The original interior was completely removed for the project. The conversion was originally supposed to be completed in 1996, although a rental office opened in 1997 and the project was ultimately finished the next year. In total, the conversion had cost $100 million.</p><br>
<p>Around the same time that the conversion was completed, city officials were considering a plan to purchase and raze the entire block upon which 25 Broad Street was located, erecting a new New York Stock Exchange building on the site. In 1998, Crescent Heights petitioned the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) to designate 25 Broad Street as a landmark to preclude such development. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on April 13, 1998, and was designated as a landmark by the LPC on June 27, 2000. In 2007, it was designated as a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District,</p><br>
<p>About fifty tenants left the building after the September 11 attacks on the nearby World Trade Center in 2001, though these vacancies were quickly filled as part of a grant program to encourage people to live in Lower Manhattan. Crescent Heights put 25 Broad Street for sale in 2005, and Swig Equities purchased it for $260 million, planning to convert the building into a rental complex. Swig subsequently indicated plans to de-designate part of the building as a landmark, because it wished to demolish the southern wing above the first floor, transferring the air rights to its new residential skyscraper at 45 Broad Street. The local community board, Manhattan Community Board 1, endorsed the decertification. Under Swigs management, 25 Broad Street became known as the Exchange, and condominium sales launched in early 2007. Lehman Brothers Holdings made a mortgage on the building in 2007, but when Swig fell into default as a result of the 2007–2008 financial crisis, Lehman initiated foreclosure proceedings in January 2009. Lehman Brothers itself filed for bankruptcy in 2008, prompting Swig to close the sales office for the condos at 25 Broad Street. A court-appointed receiver designated LCOR, a subsidiary of the California State Teachers Retirement System, as the new developer for the rental project, and Lehman spent $39.9 million on preparing the building for conversion. In March 2011, Lehman sought permission from the judge overseeing its bankruptcy proceedings to restart work on the conversion, as well as demolish the south wing. The buildings leasing office opened the next month. 25 Broad Street was auctioned in 2012 as part of the foreclosure proceeding against Swig, and LCOR made the winning bid of $170 million.</p><br>
<p>After receiving approval from the LPC, LCOR spent another $50 million to renovate 25 Broad Street in 2013, demolishing the south wing and restoring the exterior to its early-20th-century appearance. The residential units were largely converted to luxury rentals and were mostly occupied by September 2013. However, the building had previously received a 421-g tax exemption, meant for developers converting Lower Manhattan buildings to residential use, and as such, some of the residential units were rent-stabilized. A judge ruled in 2015 that two rental tenants could stay in their rent-stabilized apartment, since they had not been given proper notice that the exemption for their unit was expiring. Most of the remaining units in 25 Broad Street were converted into condominium units, with sales launching in 2019. Booking.com ran a promotion at the building in January 2020, allowing people to stay in several of the unsold units for two nights. The same month, Regal Acquisitions bought the buildings ground level storefronts. In July 2020, the developers announced that 15% of the condominium units were under contract, despite a general slowdown in real estate market due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. Ultimately, three-fourths of the units were sold by 2021. Reuveni Development Marketing became the buildings real estate broker in late 2023.</p><br>
<p>The Hyattsville Historic District is a residential neighborhood comprising a national historic district located in the city of Hyattsville, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland. The district comprises approximately 600 structures, primarily houses, that exhibit late-19th and early-20th century design characteristics. The majority of residential buildings are of frame construction, the older ones with foundations of brick or  fieldstone, the newer of concrete. The architectural styles represented: grand "mansions," summer cottages, duplexes, Second Empire, Queen Anne, Italianate, Victorian, Bungalow, and Spanish. The area also includes numerous vernacular buildings. The finest concentration of late-19th century structures occur in the area of Farragut, Gallatin, and Hamilton streets and 42nd Avenue. The early-20th century hipped-roof style and bungalows are found throughout the district.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The district was expanded in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Rainier Historic District is a national historic district located at Mount Rainier, Prince Georges County, Maryland, which began as a streetcar suburb located northeast of Washington, D.C. The district was built on a gently rolling rural landscape from about 1900 to 1940. The district contains more than 1,000 buildings, which are modestly scaled, detached, single-family, frame houses sited closely together with common setbacks. It consists primarily of single-family homes, with some small apartment buildings, a few duplexes, and single family homes that include a small storefront, usually located at the corner of an intersection. With the exception of five churches and a bank building known to have been designed by local architects, the remainder of the districts buildings are vernacular in character. Some homes contain Queen Anne detailing.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The North Brentwood Historic District, is a national historic district located in the town of North Brentwood, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland. It was the earliest incorporated African American community in the county. The historic district comprises 128 buildings reflecting its development over the period from 1891 to 1950. All of the early vernacular dwellings were of wood-frame construction with Late Victorian inspiration. The 1920s house forms represented included bungalows, multi-family houses, and larger Foursquares. Small brick cottages were primarily built in the period immediately following World War II. The surviving historic buildings illustrate the forms and styles of buildings typically constructed in working-class suburban communities of the period.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The University Park Historic District is a national historic district located in the town of University Park, Prince Georges County, Maryland. The district encompasses 1,149 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites and is almost exclusively residential and developed as a middle-class, automobile suburb of Washington, D.C. The primary building type is the detached single-family dwelling, with the only non-residential buildings within the district and the town being two churches and the Town Hall, which is located in a former residence. Notable features within the district include the propertys original plantation house, known as Bloomfield , and the nearby family cemetery. It was developed over the period 1920 to 1945, and houses are built in a range of popular early-20th-century architectural styles including Tudor and Mediterranean Revival, and varied interpretations of the Craftsman Aesthetic and the Colonial Revival, including interpretations of Dutch, Georgian, and Federal period substyles.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996, with a boundary increase in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Riverdale Park Historic District is a national historic district located at Riverdale Park, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland. The community developed starting in 1889, around the B & O passenger railroad station, as an early railroad suburb northeast of Washington, D.C. Later, 20th century additions expanded the community. One of the more imposing features of the community is the early-19th-century mansion known as Riversdale. In general residential styles range from large -story wood-frame dwellings to smaller bungalows, with an eclectic collection of imposing Queen Anne and Colonial Revival houses.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The West Riverdale Historic District is a national historic district located at Riverdale Park, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland, a railroad suburb located northeast of Washington, D.C. The neighborhood was appended to the town of Riverdale Park soon after it was laid out and platted in 1906, and later enlarged in 1937. The district is defined by a modest variety of architectural styles and building types ranging from early-20th century vernacular interpretations of popular styles to diluted, suburbanized examples of revival styles that dominated the second quarter of the 20th century. These styles represent modest examples of Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival, Craftsman, and Tudor Revival forms. At the center of the community is the former Eugene Leland Memorial Hospital, now known as the Crescent Cities Health and Rehabilitation Center.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Usonia Historic District is a planned community and national historic district in the Town of Mount Pleasant, adjacent to the village of Pleasantville, Westchester County, New York. In 1945, a 100 acre rural tract was purchased by a cooperative of young couples from New York City, who were able to enlist the students of Frank Lloyd Wright to build his Broadacre City concept. Wright decided where each house should be placed. Wright designed three homes himself and approved architectural plans of the other 44, which were designed by such architects as Paul Schweikher, Theodore Dixon Bower, Ulrich Franzen, Kaneji Domoto, Aaron Resnick and David Henken – an engineer and Wright apprentice.</p><br>
<p>The layout of the neighborhood was planned by Wright in a circular manner, preserving most of the original trees and "encouraging the flow of the land". The balance of the homes were decreed to be in the modern "organic" style ordained by Wright. The community was named "Usonia" in homage to Wright, whose ideas on the way Americans should live together guided their plan.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012 as the Usonia Historic District. The historic district encompasses 43 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 3 contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>The Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Usonian homes in Pleasantville are:</p><br>
<p>Other homes include:</p><br>
<p>smilow usonia home.jpgThe Aaron Resnick-designed Mel Smilow home</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Aaron Resnick</p><br>
<p>Mel Smilow</p><br>
<p>Martin Scheiner</p><br>
<p>Ann McGovern</p><br>
<p>Roger Kahn</p><br>
<p>The Nevius Street Bridge is a double intersection Pratt truss bridge</p><br>
<p>that once carried car traffic across the Raritan River between Hillsborough Township and Raritan Borough in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. The bridge, described using its historic name, Raritan Bridge, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 12, 1992, for its engineering and method of construction. It is part of the Metal Truss Bridges in Somerset County Multiple Property Submission (MPS).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1840s, a wooden bridge crossed at the current location. The current 150 ft bridge was built in 1886 by the Wrought Iron Bridge Company of Canton, Ohio. The construction of the nearby John Basilone Veterans Memorial Bridge replaced the Nevius Street Bridge in 2005. The bridge now serves as a pedestrian bridge, connecting River Road in Hillsborough with the Raritan River Greenway.</p><br>
<p>The Raritan Water Power Canal is located at the north end of the bridge. The water pumping station built by James B. Duke and the canal hydroelectric power plant are not part of the NRHP listing, but are noted in the description section.</p><br>
<p>The Columbia Gorge Hotel is a historic hotel in Hood River, Oregon, United States. It was built by Simon Benson, who was involved with the Columbia Gorge Scenic Highway. Benson envisioned a hotel at the end of the highway, and completed the Mission style hotel in 1921. The new hotel was built on the site of the previous Wah Gwin Gwin Hotel, built in 1904. Between 1925 and 1952, the hotel went through several changes of ownership.</p><br>
<p>The then-48-room hotel closed in 1952, when it was sold to the Neighbors of Woodcraft, and converted into a retirement home. It was sold again in 1978, with the new owners planning to reopen it as a hotel. After a $1-million renovation, the now-42-room hotel reopened in September 1979.</p><br>
<p>In January 2009, the hotel closed again, due to foreclosure. The foreclosing bank later re-opened the hotel before selling it to Vijay Patel&#39;s A-1 Hospitality Group in October 2009 for around $4 million. The Columbia Gorge Hotel is recognized as one of the Historic Hotels of America by the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<p>Guests of the hotel have included Burt Reynolds and Shirley Temple, among others.</p><br>
<p>The Golden Gate Villa is a Queen Anne style house built in 1891 in Santa Cruz, California. The house was designed by San Francisco architect Thomas J. Welsh for Major Frank McLaughlin, a mining engineer and California politician. Visitors to Golden Gate Villa included Theodore Roosevelt and Thomas Edison. In the 1940s the house was operated as a restaurant, the Palais Monte Carlo. After passing through several owners, in 1963 the house was purchased by seafood magnate William W. Durney and his screenwriter wife Dorothy Kingsley, who sold it to the present owner. On July 24, 1975, the Golden Gate Villa was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas A. Parker House was built as a private residence and is located at 975 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is currently the law offices of Liddle Sheets Coulson P.C.</p><br>
<h2>Thomas Parker</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Augustus Parker was born in New York and came to Detroit with his brother in 1845. The two established a successful wholesale grocery business, enabling Parker to grow wealthy. After his retirement, he invested most of his grocery profits in real estate, and was said to be worth $750,000 in 1895.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Parker bought the land on which this house sits in 1867 and, in 1868, commissioned architect Gordon W. Lloyd to build what is now a rare example of a Gothic Revival house in Detroit. Parker lived in the house until his death in 1901. In the 1920s, the house was leased to the Advertisers Bureau by Parker&#39;s daughter, and in 1928 it was sold. The building was later used as an artist studio, offices and an apartment building. In 1957 it was sold again, and used as offices, a reading room, a hospital record room and four apartments. It was later turned into the law offices of Liddle Sheets Coulson P.C.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is built from Kelly Island grey limestone, with sandstone from Amherst used as trim. The front façade is asymmetric, with three bays. The central bay holds an arched double-door entranceway on the first floor, and above, double French doors leading to a balcony. The side bays have transverse gables, with the east bay containing a first-floor bay window.</p><br>
<p>The Nashville, Chattanooga, and St. Louis Railway Office and Freight House, simply known as the Paducah Freight House, is a historic railroad freight depot located in the southern portion of downtown Paducah, Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>In 1852 the first charter to build a railroad for Paducah was established. Lloyd Tilghman, representative of the New Orleans & Ohio Railroad, established the first seven miles of track for Paducah, connecting the town to Florence Station, Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>The freight house was constructed in 1925 by the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway in hopes of future connections with other railroads, such as the Big Four Railroad. As such, it was built larger than it needed to be, as those connections were never built. The station was usually used to transport fruits and vegetables that required refrigeration from trains to the private transportation of produce dealers. The Railway was absorbed into the Louisville & Nashville Railroad in 1957. In 1974 the L&N reduced their presence in Paducah and moved their workers to a different depot at 6th and Norton in Paducah. The Johnston-Backus Brokerage Company purchased the building in November 1976. In 1993 Johnston and Backus retired, selling it to Charles and Carolyn Simpson, who made it an antique mall.</p><br>
<p>The Freight House is a two-story brick structure with a limestone foundation. It has a Tudor look with its Palladian-type windows and parapeted dormers and end walls. Its different colored bricks detail the openings of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Paducah Railroad Museum is next door. It started on the second floor of the freight house, but once the freight house was sold the museum moved to Washington and 2nd streets.</p><br>
<p>The Brown Building is a ten-story building that is part of the campus of New York University , which owns it. It is located at 23–29 Washington Place, between Greene Street and Washington Square East in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, and is best known as the location of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire of March 25, 1911, which killed 146 people. The Triangle Fire Memorial is now located there.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and was named a National Historical Landmark in 1991. It was designated a New York City landmark on the 92nd anniversary of the fire in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The iron and steel building was constructed in 1900–01, and was designed by John Woolley in the neo-Renaissance style. It was named the Asch Building after its owner, Joseph J. Asch. During that time, the Asch Building was known for its "fireproof" rooms, which attracted many garment makers, including the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, which was the site of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire that killed 146 garment workers on March 25, 1911.</p><br>
<p>The majority of the workers who occupied the Asch Building were female immigrants. The immigrants came to the United States for a better life, although they were working in terrible conditions within the factory and were underpaid. The building&#39;s top three floors were occupied by the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, owned by Russian immigrants Max Blanck and Isaac Harris.</p><br>
<p>Even though the immigrants were provided a job, their work environment was not safe. Rooms were overcrowded with few working bathrooms and no ventilation, resulting in conditions ranging from sweltering heat to freezing cold. In regard to working conditions, the Asch Building at the time did not comply with several requirements that were needed to ensure the safety of the building. The rooms in the upper three floors were packed with flammable objects, including clothing products hanging from lines above workers&#39; heads, rows of tightly spaced sewing machines, cutting tables bearing bolts of cloth, and linen and cotton cuttings littering the floors, that resulted in a massive spread of fire occurring in the matter of seconds. The building had a single fire escape that was not durable enough to hold many people, and there were no sprinklers installed in the building. The rooms on each floor were overcrowded because there was no limit at the time as to how many people could occupy one floor. The staircases did not have landings and the stairwells were poorly illuminated, resulting in unsafe, often dark conditions in the stairwells.</p><br>
<p>A survivor of this incident indicated that there had been a blue glow coming from a bin under a table where 120 layers of fabric had just been stacked prior to cutting. Fire rose from the bin, ignited the tissue paper templates hung from the ceiling, and spread across the room. Once ignited, the tissue paper floated off haphazardly from table to table, setting off fires as it went. Many people died during the fire, some from inhaling thick smoke or from being burned in the fire. Others died because they jumped out the building&#39;s windows to escape the flames – the interior stairs were blocked and the elevators stopped functioning properly because of the heat. Workers piled up at the entrance of the stairway because the stairway (which had no landing) was too dark for one to see his or her way down the steps. In the panic during the fire many people were crushed to death from behind while workers were attempting to get through the locked doors. As for the elevators, the owners and their family went into the elevator, which only could have held twelve people and escaped the building. In request of the owner, they told the elevator operator to send the elevator back up; however, by the time the elevator made its way back, the fire was fully engaged on the eighth floor and quickly spreading to the ninth. This had forced the workers to jump out the windows and jump into the elevator shaft that was nine stories down. Although there was the option of using the fire escape to get out of the burning building, few managed to escape this way. With many workers going through the fire escape, the fire escape eventually collapsed. Prior to the fire escape collapsing, people still could not make it to the ground safely, because the ladder from the fire escape did not reach the ground, nor was it close enough for people to jump down, which led to many more deaths.</p><br>
<p>The New York City Fire Department did not have the proper equipment to battle the fire, such as the ladder, which “could only reach the sixth floor, fully two floors below the level of fire". The factory owners Max Blanck and Isaac Harris were charged with “criminal negligence”, and faced multiple lawsuits from the victims’ families. As a result of this fire, there were several new building and safety regulations, “such as mandatory fire drills, periodic fire inspections, working fire hoses, sprinklers, exit signs and fire alarms, doors that swung in the direction of travel and stairway size restrictions.”</p><br>
<p>The fire led to wide-ranging legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union. The building survived the fire and was refurbished. Three plaques on the southeast corner of the building commemorate the women and men who lost their lives in the fire.</p><br>
<p>NYU began to use the eighth floor of the building for a library and classrooms in 1916. In 2002, the building was incorporated into the Silver Center for Arts and Science.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The Brown building is currently owned by New York University. It is internally connected to the adjacent Silver Center and Waverly buildings, and make up the "Main Block" of NYU. It now houses classrooms, study spaces, and many research labs of the NYU Chemistry and Biology Departments.</p><br>
<p>Red Wing pottery refers to American stoneware, pottery, or dinnerware items made by a company initially set up in Red Wing, Minnesota, in 1861 by German immigrant John Paul, which changed its names several times until finally settling on Red Wing Potteries, Inc. in 1936. There was a respite in production when Red Wing Pottery Sales, Inc. had a strike in 1967 causing them to temporarily cease trading. The company still makes both zinc/Bristol glazed products as well as salt-glazed, hand-thrown, kiln fired items.</p><br>
<h2>Previous Pottery names used in Red Wing</h2><br>
<p>Pottery was and is produced in Red Wing, Minnesota, USA, by under various names from 1861 to the present.</p><br>
<p>Many different ink stamped, impressed, and hand painted marks were used.</p><br>
<h3>Initial start</h3><br>
<p>Pottery production was begun by John Paul, a German immigrant potter, in a farm near Red Bull, between 1861 and 1863, using the techniques he had previously learned.</p><br>
<h3>Red Wing Terra Cotta Works</h3><br>
<p>The pottery production was continued by William M. Philleo under the name of Red Wing Terra Cotta Works, altering John Paul&#39;s recipe by adding silica to the natural red clay.</p><br>
<h3>Minnesota Stoneware Company</h3><br>
<p>An offshoot of Red Wing Terra Cotta Works, the Minnesota Stoneware Company, was in production from 1880 to 1906, making a salt-glazed version of the pottery. It is one of the companies that merged to form Red Wing Union Stoneware Company.</p><br>
<h3>North Star Stoneware</h3><br>
<p>North Star Stoneware was in production from 1892 to 1896.</p><br>
<h3>Red Wing Stoneware Company</h3><br>
<p>Red Wing Stoneware Company was in operation from 1877 to 1906. It is one of the companies that merged to form Red Wing Union Stoneware Company.</p><br>
<h3>Union Stoneware Company</h3><br>
<p>Union Stoneware Company was in production from 1894 to 1906. It is one of the companies that merged to form Red Wing Union Stoneware Company.</p><br>
<h3>Red Wing Union Stoneware Company</h3><br>
<p>Red Wing Union Stoneware Company incorporated all the offshoot companies under the operating name of Red Wing Union Stoneware Company and operated from 1906 to 1936.</p><br>
<h3>Red Wing Union Stoneware Co. Art Pottery</h3><br>
<p>In 1926 Red Wing began producing Art Pottery. The first production was of "Brushed Ware." For the first time, each shape was marked with an ink stamped number.</p><br>
<h3>Red Wing Potteries, Inc.</h3><br>
<p>Red Wing Potteries, Inc. is the same company as Red Wing Union Stoneware Company. The name changed in 1936 and was retained until the pottery closed in 1967.</p><br>
<h3>RumRill Art pottery by Red Wing</h3><br>
<p>RumRill Art pottery, founded by George Rumrill, was made by Red Wing from 1933 to 1937. George Rumrill was an art pottery designer & salesman who contracted with Red Wing to make his art pottery. RumRill shapes were numbered from 50 to 677.)</p><br>
<p>From 1938 to 1941 RumRill pottery was made in Ohio and possibly by Shawnee Pottery, Gondor Pottery and Florence Pottery in Mount Gilead, OH</p><br>
<h3>Art pottery by Red Wing</h3><br>
<p>In 1938 Red Wing began producing art Pottery under its own name. For several years they remarked existing RumRill shapes</p><br>
<h3>Red Wing Dinnerware</h3><br>
<p>Dinnerware was made by Red Wing from 1935 to 1967. More than 100 hand decorated patterns were produced. View pictures of all the dinnerware patterns at Golden State Red Wing&#39;s Learning page For detailed Red Wing dinnerware information see</p><br>
<p>Red Wing Pottery was formed in 1967 when Richard A. Gillmer (the last President of Red Wing Potteries) purchased the company from the other shareholders during liquidation. The company operated primarily as a retail business until 1996 when the third generation of the Gillmer family began production again with a smaller output than the company had in its early boom years. In 2013 Bruce and Irene Johnson purchased the company to be run as a family business and located in Red Wing. In August 2019, the Johnsons ceased production of pottery.</p><br>
<h2>Samples of wares</h2><br>
<p>The Oroville Chinese Temple  is a Chinese folk religious temple built in 1863 in Oroville, California. The temple is now owned by the City of Oroville and open to the public as a museum, and it also continues to be used occasionally for worship.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the latter half of the 19th century there were as many as 10,000 Chinese in the Oroville, California area. Just as with many of those that arrived in the area, they came primarily in search of gold. Starting with the California Gold Rush ca. 1849, the Chinese arrivals in Oroville for the first 20 years were only men since they were not allowed to bring their families. Most of these were from the Canton and Shanghai provinces. They brought little with them except their rich heritage, the will to succeed and the desire to return home wealthy.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after arriving in Oroville around 1850, the Chinese population pooled existing resources and built the first Chinese temple in the area. This temple, constructed of wood, burned down as did a second rebuilt structure. The third structure and furnishings, funded by the Tongzhi Emperor and Empress of China, was built of red brick acquired from Palermo, California and was completed in September 1863. This is the same structure that exists on the site today.</p><br>
<p>Over the years the structure withstood many fires and floods. However, in 1907 a massive flood caused damage affecting not only the temple but the entire Oroville area. This disaster combined with a concurrent economic depression in the United States resulted in a large exodus of Chinese from the area to other larger USA cities and back to China. Remaining Chinese continued to maintain the Chinese Temple complex (especially the Chan family) until the 1930s. During the 1930s a decision was made among these families to deed the complex to the City of Oroville and in 1937 the city officially took ownership of the complex. Three stipulations were guaranteed to the Chinese families for their contribution. The first was an agreement that the city would build a museum to house artifacts that the former complex did not have room to display. The second was to ensure that all three temples would remain available to the community to use for worship. The third and final was to teach volunteers at the center about the Chinese culture, beliefs and artifacts so that visitors could better understand these in context with their visit to the center. After construction of the promised structure was completed, the center reopened to visitors in July 1949. The temple was originally composed of three parts: the Chan Room for Confucian meditation, the Moon Temple, for Buddhist rites, and the Council Room, for community functions. Afterwards a number of modern additions have been made, including a Chinese tapestry hall, a display hall and a Chinese garden.</p><br>
<p>On the 10 April 2021, the Chinese Temple museum re-opened to the public following a one-year closure due to COVID-19 restrictions. The museum is open on Wednesdays and Saturdays from 10 a.m. until 2 p.m.</p><br>
<h2>Original temple and rooms</h2><br>
<h3>Main temple</h3><br>
<p>The oldest of the brick temples was completed in 1863 and is named Liet Sheng Kong which translated means "Temple of Many Gods and Goddesses". In this temple visitors were allowed to worship any deity that they wishes to. The interior ceiling and walls of this building are covered with hanging boards with carvings or script to honored or thanking the Chinese deities for answering prayers. The room houses three altars. One teak altar at the front of the temple, brought to the temple from China, shows an elaborately carved courtyard scene, The second altar is used for supporting incense burners and the third (also from China) sits at the back wall of the temple. This altar support three carved, wooden statues representing Chinese deities. On the top sides of this altar there are 2 papier-mâché Southern lion heads employed by the Chinese to ward away evil spirits. These heads were also employed during Chinese festival parades in the area. Just inside of the temple there is a gong and just outside the temple&#39;s entry point there is a very large ceremonial urn which also originated from China.</p><br>
<h3>Chan Room</h3><br>
<p>Built in 1864, the Chan Room (adjacent to the Main Temple) is also referred to as "Suey Cing Bak". The room was constructed in remembrance of general Chan Low Kwan (Soong Dynasty) who was also referred to as the "Viscount of Purification". As a note of reference, all by the name of Chan or Chin (Wong Tun district, Toy Sun county of Guangdong province) were direct descendants of Chan Low Kwan. There are many artifacts in this room but one that is most noteworthy is a large, teak bridal sedan chair of Chinese Imperial Palace quality. Equipped with curtains, the chair was used in parades and wedding ceremonies.</p><br>
<h3>Council Room</h3><br>
<p>Built in 1868, the Council Room houses a beautiful hanging screen of carved wood with gold leaf overlay. Also in the room are two procession shrines which were carried in parades during Chinese festivals. The room was used primarily for business transactions. Since there were few literate Chinese in Oroville in the latter 19th century, It is surmised that the few learned Chinese men in Oroville at the time assisted others in recording their transactions.</p><br>
<h3>Moon Room</h3><br>
<p>Built in 1868 on the floor above the Council Room is the Moon Room or "Wong Fut Tong". The Moon Room gets its name from the unique circular door. This room is devoted to Buddha and houses three statues, one of which is reaching out his hand to display the "sign of wisdom". The main color motif is red, symbolic color of good look in the Buddhist tradition.</p><br>
<h2>Later additions</h2><br>
<h3>Tapestry Hall</h3><br>
<p>Built and dedicated in 1968, the Tapestry Hall houses elaborate Chinese tapestries, parade umbrellas, a 16th-century imperial pillar rug, a beautiful bronze urn and a vast collection of Chinese artifacts. Noteworthy also are a unique collection of antique shadow puppets constructed of donkey skin. These puppets were used in dramas that helped educate Chinese regarding their own culture and were especially important to educate Chinese that were unable to read or write the Chinese language.</p><br>
<h3>Display Hall</h3><br>
<p>This Display Hall, also dedicated in 1968, was built to present artifacts that were given to the Chinese Temple. Artifacts housed here include Chinese costumes, furniture, and other items depicting the daily life of the Chinese.</p><br>
<p>Also housed in the room are tapestries and decorative items. One specific item of interest is a pair of shoes that were formerly worn by a woman with bound feet. This room also has a collection of large paper mache puppets which were used by the Chinese in their theater when actors where unavailable to perform. These puppets were originally brought to the Oroville by puppeteers who emigrated from China but were left behind when many returned to their home country.</p><br>
<h3>Cullie Room</h3><br>
<p>This room was added to the complex as an American Bicentennial project in 1976. Funds for the project were donated by local philanthropist Charlotte Cullie. Clothing and artifacts housed in the room were donated by two Chinese missionaries (Mabel Clay and Jessie Mae Henke).</p><br>
<p>Specifically noteworthy to the collections are mannequins depicting both Chinese and United States historical clothing fashions from 1840 to 1940. This collection was donated to the city of Oroville in 1976.</p><br>
<h3>Garden</h3><br>
<p>The courtyard garden was established in 1968 and is populated with flora which are native to China except for a small number of annuals used to add additional color to the garden. The garden also includes a pond populated with lily pads and koi fish.</p><br>
<p>The Chinese garden, which has evolved over three thousand years, is historically used as a tranquil place for prayer, meditation and quiet conversation.</p><br>
<h3>Workers Hut</h3><br>
<p>In 1976 a historical replica of a Chinese gold miner&#39;s hut was built out of barn wood dating back to the 1860s. It originally appeared as a Butte County contribution to the California State Fair and was later donated to be an exhibit on the Orville Oriental Temple grounds.</p><br>
<h3>Fong Lee Room</h3><br>
<p>The newest room at the Oroville Oriental Temple was funded by the Chin (Chan) Shew Ting family trust as a means of honoring Chin Kong Yu who was one of the first Chinese shopkeepers in the Oroville area. Dedicated on April 16, 2008, this room houses a Chinese apothecary cabinet originally used to hold herbal remedies. Also housed in the room are period gold scales and items used in gold transactions. The room represents a replica of their shop and is furnished with light fixtures, cabinets, cases and other items that were in the original shop of Chin Kong Yu during the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Arcata is a National Historic Place and fully operational hotel located in Arcata, California. It was built to accommodate visitors to Arcata, California, drawn by the Humboldt State Normal School  and delivered by the Northwestern Pacific Railroad. In 1920 the Redwood Highway, US 101 provided more access to Arcata.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was renovated in the 1980s and was acquired by the Big Lagoon Rancheria, becoming the first off-reservation Native American-owned hotel in California.</p><br>
<p>Laurel Hill Farm is a private park and historic home located in Ararat, Virginia. The birthplace of James Ewell Brown "Jeb" Stuart, seventy-five acres of the 1,500 acre plantation owned by the Stuart Family was saved in 1992 by the J. E. B. Stuart Birthplace Preservation Trust with assistance from the Civil War Trust, a division of the American Battlefield Trust. The J. E. B. Stuart Birthplace Preservation Trust, founded by Historian and Author Thomas D. "Tom" Perry, is a non-profit corporation that has interpreted the site and holds events on the property.</p><br>
<h2>J. E. B. Stuart</h2><br>
<p>James Ewell Brown Stuart was born on February 6, 1833, as the eighth of eleven children to Archibald and Elizabeth Letcher Pannill Stuart. He attended Emory and Henry College in Southwest Virginia before receiving an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. Stuart graduated 13 of 46 in 1854 and spent seven years in the United States Army, mainly in Kansas in the First U. S. Cavalry. Stuart was present at John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859 before resigning in May 1861 to fight for the Confederate States of America. Stuart rose in rank to Major General commanding the cavalry of Robert E. Lee&#39;s Army of Northern Virginia. He died on May 12, 1864, after receiving wounds at the Battle of Yellow Tavern. He is buried in Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Annual Events</h2><br>
<p>The first weekend of October a Civil War encampment is held at the site. Beginning in 1990, this event raises money for the upkeep of the site.</p><br>
<h2>History of the Laurel Hill Farm</h2><br>
<p>The Laurel Hill Farm has a varied history told from archaeology completed by the College of William and Mary, which found the house site along with Native-American artifacts. Peter Jefferson, father of Thomas Jefferson, surveyed the southern boundary of the property. The first member of J. E. B. Stuarts family to live on the property was William Letcher (1750–1780), who was killed on the farm in August 1780 by a Tory during the American Revolution. Letchers grave on the property is the oldest marked grave site in Patrick County. J. E. B. Stuart&#39;s family came to the property in 1825 and lived there until 1859 when Elizabeth Stuart sold the property to two men from nearby Mount Airy, North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>The Union Station in Owensboro, Kentucky, is a historic railroad station, built in 1905. Built mostly for the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, the station is made of limestone and slate, and currently is home to several businesses.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Union Station, unlike most urban railroad stations, was situated in a "more spacious area". In the west end was a waiting area, and the east end featured a two-story freight section. The station gains a Gothic look with wooden barge boarding and brackets on its gabled entrance.</p><br>
<p>The L&N used the second floor of the building for support services and administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first railroad company in Owensboro was the Owensboro and Russellville Railroad, in operation from 1867 to 1876. After the O&R went bankrupt, the Owensboro and Nashville Railroad took over the assets, and were in control until purchased by the L&N in 1879.</p><br>
<p>The station was a joint effort between the L&N, the Louisville, Henderson and St. Louis Railroad, and the Illinois Central Railroad, building over an older depot of the Louisville, Henderson and St. Louis. The plans were designed by Henry F. Hawes and John B. Hutchings and constructed by Walter Brashear. The initial work was completed in 1906.</p><br>
<p>At its height in the 1920s, the station daily served eighteen passenger trains. In 1946, early in the postwar years, two unnamed L&N trains on St. Louis – Evansville – Owensboro – Louisville itineraries made stops at Owensboro. The trains bypassed the south Kentucky rail hub of Bowling Green.</p><br>
<p>In 1958, the station stopped being used for passenger traffic, as the L&N claimed annual losses of $130,000 for continuing the passenger service. Since then it has seen several different uses. In the 1970s it was used as a discothèque and then a pizza parlor, but both were unsuccessful, leaving the station empty for a time. Major overhauls of the station occurred in 1982 and 1988, with the latter seeing a two-story atrium and office added to its eastern side. Current tenants include a preschool, an architectural design group, an adult day care, and a Hilliard Lyons office.</p><br>
<p>The Mizpah Hotel is a historic hotel in Tonopah, Nevada, USA It is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<h2>Mizpah Saloon</h2><br>
<p>The Mizpah and the nearby Belvada Building, both five stories high, shared the title of tallest building in Nevada until 1927. The hotel was named after the Mizpah Mine and was the social hub of Tonopah. The hotel was pre-dated by the Mizpah Saloon, which opened in 1907, and was the first permanent structure in Tonopah. The hotel was financed by George Wingfield, George S. Nixon, Cal Brougher and Bob Govan and designed by George E. Holesworth of Reno, Nevada</p><br>
<p>According to legend, Wyatt Earp kept the saloon, Jack Dempsey was a bouncer, and Howard Hughes married Jean Peters at the Mizpah. But Wyatt Earp left Tonopah before the Mizpah was built, Hughes was married in Tonopah, but not at the Mizpah, and Dempsey asserted he was never a bouncer. The hotel nevertheless features the Jack Dempsey Room and the Wyatt Earp Bar.</p><br>
<h2>Construction of the hotel</h2><br>
<p>The reinforced concrete hotel was faced with stone on the front and brick on the sides and rear. The neighboring three-story Brougher-Govan Block, with rooms on the upper floors, served as the first Mizpah and remains connected. Cast iron columns were used in the windows and fire escapes. The three and five story buildings are joined with a wood stairway crowned with a skylight. Steam heat was provided, along with the first elevator in Tonopah.</p><br>
<h2>Haunting by the Lady in Red</h2><br>
<p>The hotel is said to house a ghost deemed the Lady in Red by hotel guests who have experienced her presence. Legend says that the Lady in Red is the ghost of a prostitute who was murdered on the fifth floor of the hotel by a jealous ex-boyfriend. Another widely accepted description of the events is that The Lady in Red had been caught cheating by her husband at the hotel after he had missed a train, who then proceeded to kill her in a jealous rage. The Lady in Red haunting of the Mizpah was featured in season 5, episode 2 of Ghost Adventures on the Travel Channel. Other ghosts are also said to exist there and USA Today ranked the hotel first in its 2018 list of “Best Haunted Hotels in the US” as determined by readers. It maintained a spot of seventh on that same list in 2022.</p><br>
<h2>Reconstruction by Frank Scott</h2><br>
<p>The Mizpah changed hands several times through the years until Frank Scott of Las Vegas (who also built the Union Plaza Hotel) bought it in 1979. Scott updated the hotel with “all the modern conveniences,” acting as a bridge to the modern day, all the while preserving the antiquated romance that had first drawn him to the hotel. In all, the work took 2.5 years and cost almost $4 million.</p><br>
<h2>Renovation by Fred and Nancy Cline</h2><br>
<p>The hotel had been shuttered since 1999, but in early 2011, the hotel was purchased by Fred and Nancy Cline of Cline Cellars, Sonoma, California, who renovated and reopened the building to the public in August 2011. The newly renovated hotel has 47 rooms, a bar, and two restaurants; the Pittman Cafe and the Jack Dempsey Room. There is also a full casino, the Mizpah Club, on-site. There are plans to renovate further rooms in the hotel annex.</p><br>
<p>Stokes Castle is a three-story stone tower located near Austin, Nevada. It was built by Anson Phelps Stokes, a mine developer, railroad magnate, and banker. Intending the building as a summer home, Stokes began building the castle in 1896, completing it in 1897.</p><br>
<p>The castle is patterned after a tower that Stokes had seen and admired in the Roman Campagna in Italy. The castle is built of hand-hewn native granite, and the stones were hoisted into place with a hand winch and held in place with rock wedging and clay mortar. The kitchen and dining room were on the first floor, while the second floor contained the living room and the third floor housed two bedrooms. Each of the floors had a fireplace, and the second and third floors each had a balcony. The roof had a battlemented terrace.</p><br>
<p>The family occupied the Stokes Castle for a short time. The family traveled west in June 1897 with friends and spent about a month in the castle. They spent a few more days in October 1897. They returned in the summer of 1898, but they sold their mine, the milling equipment, and the castle, and never returned to the town.</p><br>
<p>Eventually, the castle fell into disrepair until Molly Magee Knudsen, a cousin of Stokes, bought the castle in 1956. The tower was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. The "Castle" was owned by HW Trapnell of Austin, Nevada and Dunsmuir, California until he died on July 19, 2018. It is now operated by the Austin Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The McGill Drug Store Museum is a former drug store in McGill, Nevada. It operated from 1915 to 1979. The store closed when the nearby Kennecott Copper mine closed down, with its entire inventory intact, including prescription medication. It has been re-opened as a museum with more than 30,000 items as well as prescription records extending back to 1915. The museum is a resource for investigators of retailing and historical pharmacy practices.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The museum was originally a drug store owned by the McGill Drug Company, who may have acquired the structure from another business, Steptoe Drug Company. Although the place primarily serves as a drugstore and pharmacy, it is also notable for its soda fountain, which remains in existence until now.</p><br>
<p>The drug store became a museum in 1995, when the White Pine County bought the building from Elsa Culbert, who continued to operate the drug store and soda fountain with her husband, Gerald, and became the owners of the business starting from the 1940s. The drugstore stopped operating in 1979, when Gerald died, and many of the remaining items there were left as they were.</p><br>
<h2>Collection</h2><br>
<p>The museum is a time-capsule filled with relics throughout the 1940s to 1970s, including pharmaceutical products and medical equipment. It also retains many interior and exterior qualities dated to certain eras, from steel-based structures common in use during the mining era boom, to 1930-style soda counters.</p><br>
<p>The Fruita Schoolhouse is a historic school building located in Fruita, Utah, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Behunin family, early settlers of the Capitol Reef area, donated the land in 1892. For over a decade the school had a dirt roof and in 1935 the bare walls were chinked in. Elijah Cutler Behunin donated the land for the school and his daughter, Nettie Behunin, was the school&#39;s first teacher. In 1895 the school became part of the Junction School Precinct and remained a functional grade school until 1941. From 1941 until its induction into the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1973, the building was unoccupied.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>Fort Deseret is a former fort located in northeastern Millard County, Utah, United States, just south of Deseret.</p><br>
<p>__TOC__</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The fort was built in 1865 during the Utah Black Hawk War to protect settlers in western Utah from the attacks of local Utes. Due to USA Army obligations in the Civil War, local settlers were advised to take measures to defend themselves, resulting in the construction of the fort. The 550-foot square fort had 10-foot adobe walls. It proved useful when Black Hawk appeared in 1866 at Deseret demanding cattle. The security provided by the fortification allowed a peaceful settlement to be negotiated. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 9, 1970.</p><br>
<p>The VanFleet Hotel in Farmington, Utah was built during the 1860s for Thomas and Electra Hunt. Originally a residence, it became a hotel in the 1870s as a result of its proximity to a Wells Fargo stage coach stop. It was purchased by Hyrum Van Fleet in 1908, but suffered a devastating fire in 1913. The subsequent reconstruction doubled its size. As it was next to the courthouse, it became known as the "honeymoon hotel" as a result of the many newlyweds who stayed there. The Van Fleet family operated the hotel until 1953, when it was converted to apartments. It currently houses dental offices after a 1995 renovation. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 19, 1991.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary&#39;s College was a Catholic institution established by William Byrne and George Elder in Elder&#39;s hometown of Hardin&#39;s Creek near Lebanon in Marion County, Kentucky. The community was later renamed "St. Mary" after the college. St. Mary&#39;s is now closed. It operated between 1821 and 1976. Before it closed, it was the third oldest operating Catholic college for boys in the nation.</p><br>
<p>The St. Mary&#39;s College Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>The "St. Mary&#39;s College Historic District" is a 7.5 acre historic district which included 12 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Clement S. Hill, USA Congressman from Kentucky</p><br>
<p>Ben Johnson, USA Congressman from Kentucky</p><br>
<p>Elisha Standiford, USA Congressman from Kentucky</p><br>
<p>William Thomas Ward, Union Army General and USA Congressman from Kentucky</p><br>
<p>Joseph Cardinal Bernardin, American Cardinal of the Catholic Church, served as Archbishop of Chicago from 1982 to 1996</p><br>
<p>Martin John Spalding, Bishop of Louisville (1850–1864) and Archbishop of Baltimore (1864–1872)</p><br>
<p>John Lancaster Spalding, the first bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Peoria from 1877 to 1908</p><br>
<p>Augustus Hill Garland, 11th Governor of Arkansas and Attorney General of the United States</p><br>
<p>Thomas James Churchill, Confederate major general during the American Civil War and the 13th Governor of the state of Arkansas</p><br>
<p>Stanislaus P. La Lumiere, President of Marquette University</p><br>
<p>The Ox Bow Inn and Saloon is an historic hotel in Payson, Arizona. The log inn was built as the Payson Hotel by William and Estlee Wade next to their restaurant, the Busy Bee. The rustic inn borrowed design elements from the Old Faithful Inn, with which Willie Wade was familiar from time spent in Yellowstone National Park. In 1945 the business was taken over and expanded by Jimmy Cox, who renamed the hotel the Ox Bow Inn.</p><br>
<p>Oxbow Saloon, Payson, AZ 05.JPGWider view of the building</p><br>
<p>The Charles Shorey House is a two-story wood home on Main Street in downtown Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. Completed about 1908, the Queen Anne style structure was built by Charles Shorey. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Charles Shorey was born in 1850 in Waterville, Maine, and moved to Washington County, Oregon, in 1878. Around 1908 he purchased 1.7 acre on Main Street in Hillsboro from Wesley W. Boscow for $857. Formerly part of the Boscow Dairy Farm, Shorey used the land to build a home for his family. Once complete he moved the family from their homestead near Mountaindale on Dairy Creek. The family included his wife Sarah and daughter Eliza Jane.</p><br>
<p>A carpenter, Charles died in 1934 followed by Sarah in 1938. and later owners renovated the house in 1987. By 1989 the Slansky family owned the property, and on June 16 of that year the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places as an example of a middle class home from turn of the century Hillsboro.</p><br>
<h2>Details</h2><br>
<p>The home is a cross-shaped structure featuring the mixture of both a gambrel roof and a gable roof.</p><br>
<p>Much of the exterior remains as it was with the original building materials still intact, including lead windows. The interior is also largely in original condition including the main stairway that has turned balusters. Fir wainscot is present throughout most of the home, which the interior design is of an Arts and Crafts style design.</p><br>
<p>Fort Arbuckle was constructed by the US Army in 1850 to counter raids by Plains Indian tribes on immigrant trains heading west to California and on the settlements of Choctaw and Chickasaw nations in Indian Territory.</p><br>
<p>Captain Randolph B. Marcy was assigned to select the site and oversee construction of the fort, named to honor the recently deceased General Matthew Arbuckle. The site was inside the boundary of the Chickasaw Nation and on the bank of the Washita River, 6 mi west and 1 mi north of the present town of Davis, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>Marcy and his men constructed a rectangular fort, with barracks on opposite sides and the quartermaster and commissary facilities at opposite ends. Eventually the fort consisted of thirty buildings constructed of hewn logs, with stone chimneys.</p><br>
<p>Major William H. Emory of the First Cavalry was appointed commander of both Fort Arbuckle and Fort Washita in 1858. He found the facilities at the fort inadequate. Many of the buildings were in a poor state of repair; ordnance stores were depleted; and surplus ammunition and gunpowder had to be buried in order to be weather protected. But before the troops could remedy these faults, they received orders to build another fort, this one named Fort Cobb.</p><br>
<p>On May 3, 1861, after the Civil War broke out, Major Emory ordered the three forts under his command to be evacuated, with the troops going to Fort Leavenworth in Kansas, which supported the Union. The government of the Chickasaw Nation had already decided to support the Confederacy. Although Fort Arbuckle was briefly occupied by Confederate troops, no battle occurred in the vicinity, and it played no part in the war. After the war, the post was garrisoned by troops from the Sixth Infantry and Tenth Cavalry. The United States began to undertake campaigns against the Plains Indians west of here.</p><br>
<p>In 1868 General Philip Sheridan planned to use Fort Arbuckle as a supply depot for his campaigns against the Comanche. By the following spring, a great store of hay and grain had been brought by the river to Fort Gibson and then by wagon to Fort Arbuckle. Sheridan sent many of his horses to the fort to be fed. Four companies of the Tenth Cavalry came to Fort Arbuckle for this purpose.</p><br>
<p>Fort Arbuckle was strategically obsolete by 1869, when Fort Sill was constructed farther west. Most of the Arbuckle garrison were sent there, after their horses had consumed the remaining supplies. The post was permanently abandoned in 1870. A single stone chimney is one of the only relics remaining of the old fort.</p><br>
<p>Fort McCulloch was a Confederate military fort built by CSA Brigadier General Albert Pike in the Indian Territory during the American Civil War after the Battle of Pea Ridge.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After the southern states seceded from the United States of America, Albert Pike negotiated treaties between the Five Civilized Tribes and the Confederate government, promising that the Confederacy would take over the obligations that the Union failed to fulfill and take over defense for the Indian Territory.</p><br>
<p>Pike was appointed commander of the Department of the Indian Territory in November 1861. His first assignment was to construct a fort north of Bacone College on the Arkansas River near Muskogee. He named this site Cantonment Davis. However, he and his troops were ordered to leave the site to support the Confederate troops at Pea Ridge. They never returned to Cantonment Davis.</p><br>
<p>Pikes Native American troops participated in the Battle of Pea Ridge near Leetown, Arkansas in March 1862. The battle was a defeat for the Confederate Army. Pike then considered that his Indian Territory command post at Fort Davis, Cherokee Nation, was vulnerable to a Union attack. He retreated to the Choctaw Nation in southern Indian Territory. Pike chose a site on a bluff on the west side of the Blue River near Nails Crossing, where he established Fort McCulloch, named for General Benjamin McCulloch, who fell in battle at Pea Ridge.</p><br>
<p>The site, about 3 miles southwest of the present-day town of Kenefic, Oklahoma, controlled military roads linking Fort Smith with Fort Washita, Fort Gibson and north Texas. The fort had earthworks, but no permanent buildings. Its importance diminished after Pike resigned his command in July 1862. It was not abandoned until the end of the war. Meanwhile, it served as a haven for pro-Confederate refugees. General Stand Watie used it briefly as a command post in 1865.</p><br>
<p>Fort McCulloch was built to defend Texas from a Union attack. It had extensive earthworks designed to defend against any advance.</p><br>
